Background
The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care announced in
January 2023 that the Department for Health and Social Care will develop
and publish a Major Conditions Strategy. The strategy will “set out a
strong and coherent policy agenda that sets out a shift to integrated,
whole-person care, building on measures that we have already taken
forward through the NHS Long Term Plan”. An interim
report was published in August 2023.
The strategy identifies 6 major conditions: cancer, cardiovascular
disease, dementia, mental ill health, musculoskeletal disorders and
chronic respiratory disease. Information is presented here for 4 of the
major conditions; cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia and
respiratory disease. Causes of death, recorded on death certificates,
often will not identify people who die with a mental health issue or
musculoskeletal problems as they may not directly contribute to the
person’s death. Consequently, deaths from these two major conditions are
not addressed directly here.
The purpose of this factsheet is to describe patterns of care near
the end of life related to the 4 major conditions. It includes
experimental statistics describing the number of deaths, the number of
hospital admissions in the months before death and the place of
death.
The major condition groups are here defined broadly to capture the
impact of these conditions on people at the end of their life and
include both chronic and acute conditions. A brief description of how
underlying cause of death is determined from the death certificate is
included in the Supporting information
section together with the definition of how the underlying and
contributory causes of death were used to identify people living with
major conditions. In this factsheet
respiratory disease includes chronic conditions such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute conditions for example
pneumonia. It does not include COVID-19
cardiovascular disease includes chronic conditions such as heart
failure and acute conditions for example myocardial infarction (“heart
attack”). It does not include diabetes or renal failure
dementia includes both dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
A person is described as dying “of” a condition if
it is the underlying cause of death recorded on the death certificate,
and dying “with” a condition if it is a contributory
cause of death only.
More detailed data is available in the accompanying spreadsheet
which includes more detailed information by specific underlying causes
of death within the major conditions, age, sex, socio-economic
deprivation and ethnicity.
Main findings
the overwhelming majority (88%, 476,396) of people who died in
2022, died of or with one of the 4 major conditions
69% (371,594) of all people who died in 2022, spent time in
hospital during the 6 months before they died, staying for a total of
8.4 million days in hospital
70% (274,311) of people who died in 2022 of one of the 4 major
conditions, spent time in hospital during the 6 months before they died,
staying for a total of 6 million days in hospital
50% of the inpatient care provided by hospitals (measured in
terms of days in hospital) for people aged 85 year or older is for
people in their last year of life
61% of all people who died had a least one emergency admission in
their last 3 months of life, 6% having three or more emergency
admissions in their last 3 months of life
among the major conditions, the likelihood of having an emergency
admission in the 3 months prior to their death is greater for people who
died of cancer (70%) or respiratory disease (71%) than for people who
died of cardiovascular disease (53%) or dementia (43%)
the condition(s) people are living with in their final weeks can
affect where they are cared for and where they ultimately die; comparing
the 4 major conditions with each other
- people who died of cancer were the most likely to die at home (37.9%
compared to 28.7% of all deaths) or in a hospice (14.6% compared to
4.7%)
- people who died of dementia were the most likely to die in a care
home (62.9% compared to 20.5%)
- people who died of respiratory disease were most likely to die in
hospital (62.2% compared to 43.4%)
Characteristics of those who died
In 2022
538,627 people died (excluding neonatal deaths)
73% (394,258 people) died of one the 4 major conditions
the overwhelming majority (88%, 476,396) of people died of or
with at least one of the 4 major conditions
Table 1 and Figure 1 show that in their final months before death,
many more people are living with cardiovascular disease, dementia and
respiratory disease than would be suggested by underlying cause of death
alone. For example, about 2 times more people who died with than died of
respiratory disease.
Counting people by underlying cause of death will underestimate the
number of people living with these conditions near the end of their
life. A better estimate uses both the underlying cause of death and the
contributory causes of death. However, this is still an underestimate of
people living with these conditions prior to death as it only counts
people for whom the doctor recorded these conditions as contributing to
the death.
The underlying and contributory causes of death for any individual
may encompass several of the major conditions. Consequently, while any
one person will only be counted in a single underlying cause of death
group, a person may be counted in up to 4 contributory cause of death
groups. Due to this double counting, it would be wrong to add together
counts that include people by their contributory causes of death.
Table 1: Number and percentage of people who died of or with
4 major conditions, England 2022
Number of deaths
|
Deaths with the condition as
|
Cancer
|
Cardiovascular
|
Dementia
|
Respiratory
|
Any of the four conditions
|
|
Underlying cause of death
|
139,622
|
131,278
|
63,883
|
59,475
|
394,258
|
|
Only a contributory cause of death
|
19,473
|
123,951
|
29,483
|
112,810
|
82,138
|
|
Underlying or contributory cause of death (total)
|
159,095
|
255,229
|
93,366
|
172,285
|
476,396
|
Percentage of all deaths
|
Deaths with the condition as
|
Cancer
|
Cardiovascular
|
Dementia
|
Respiratory
|
Any of the four conditions
|
|
Underlying cause of death
|
26%
|
24%
|
12%
|
11%
|
73%
|
|
Only a contributory cause of death
|
4%
|
23%
|
5%
|
21%
|
15%
|
|
Underlying or contributory cause of death (total)
|
30%
|
47%
|
17%
|
32%
|
88%
|
Figure 1: Number of people who died of or with 4 major
conditions, England 2022
The deaths in each major condition group vary by demographic
characteristics. For example;
people who died of cancer are on average the youngest, 43% of
people who died of cancer were under 75 years compared to 31% of all
deaths
among people who died of dementia, 64% were female and 36% male
compared to 49% female and 51% male for all deaths. They are also the
most elderly with 67% aged 85 years or older compared 40% of all
deaths
Table 2 and Figure 2 show the 4 major conditions are the underlying
or contributory cause of death for the overwhelming majority of deaths
(at least 80%) in each of the categories within sex, age, ethnicity and
socio-economic deprivation.
Figure 2: Percentage of people who died of or with 4 major
conditions by demographic group, England 2022
Age
Sex
Ethnicity
Socio-economic deprivation
Table 2: Number and percentage of people who died of or with
4 major conditions by demographic group, England 2022
Age
|
|
Under 75
|
75 to 85
|
85 or older
|
|
Distribution of all deaths by age group
|
|
Number of deaths (any cause)
|
167,335
|
157,321
|
213,971
|
|
Percentage of all deaths
|
31%
|
29%
|
40%
|
People who died of one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
116,833
|
122,830
|
154,595
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this age group
|
70%
|
78%
|
72%
|
People who died of or with one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying or contributory cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
142,482
|
147,556
|
186,358
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this age group
|
85%
|
94%
|
87%
|
Sex
|
|
Female
|
Male
|
|
Distribution of all deaths by sex
|
|
Number of deaths (any cause)
|
266,038
|
272,589
|
|
Percentage of all deaths
|
49%
|
51%
|
People who died of one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
195,142
|
199,116
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this sex
|
73%
|
73%
|
People who died of or with one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying or contributory cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
232,901
|
243,495
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this sex
|
88%
|
89%
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Asian or Asian British
|
Black or Black British
|
Mixed
|
White
|
Other ethnic group
|
Not known
|
|
Distribution of all deaths by ethnic group
|
|
Number of deaths (any cause)
|
16,309
|
8,564
|
2,239
|
482,117
|
1,795
|
27,603
|
|
Percentage of all deaths
|
3%
|
2%
|
0%
|
90%
|
0%
|
5%
|
People who died of one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
11,107
|
5,966
|
1,405
|
353,358
|
1,235
|
21,187
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this ethnic group
|
68%
|
70%
|
63%
|
73%
|
69%
|
77%
|
People who died of or with one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying or contributory cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
14,288
|
7,481
|
1,787
|
426,752
|
1,514
|
24,574
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this ethnic group
|
88%
|
87%
|
80%
|
89%
|
84%
|
89%
|
Socio-economic deprivation
|
|
1 Most deprived
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5 Least deprived
|
|
Distribution of all deaths by deprivation quintile
|
|
Number of deaths (any cause)
|
109,103
|
106,696
|
110,812
|
109,829
|
102,187
|
|
Percentage of all deaths
|
20%
|
20%
|
21%
|
20%
|
19%
|
People who died of one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
78,137
|
77,590
|
81,538
|
81,292
|
75,701
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this deprivation quintile
|
72%
|
73%
|
74%
|
74%
|
74%
|
People who died of or with one of the 4 major conditions
(underlying or contributory cause of death)
|
|
Number of deaths
|
95,840
|
94,266
|
98,293
|
97,423
|
90,574
|
|
Percentage of all deaths in this deprivation quintile
|
88%
|
88%
|
89%
|
89%
|
89%
|
Time spent in hospital
Among the people who died in 2022
a total of 371,594 people were seen in hospital as an inpatient
during the 6 months before they died (69% of all deaths), staying a
total of 8.4 million days in hospital
within the last 6 months of life, the majority of the time in
hospital is during the final 3 months (6.4 million days in the last 3
months out of 8.4 million days in the last 6 months). Table 3 shows this
is similar for each of the major conditions
nearly 15,300 of the people seen in hospital as an inpatient
during their final 6 months were admitted as a day case only. A day case
is admitted and discharged on the same day, and is reported here with a
length of stay of zero days
Figure 3 shows the variation in the total time spent in hospital for
inpatients during their final 6 months of life. This will, for some
people, be a total time over multiple admissions. The distribution is
highly skewed with and for most people their length of stay is not close
to the average length of stay.The figure also shows
although the median days in hospital is 15 days, the most common
time in hospital is 1 day
half of the 371,594 (185,797) people who were seen in hospital as
an inpatient during their final 6 months stayed in hospital between 6
and 31 days in total. Table 3 shows that this range is similar for each
of the major conditions
caring for people near the end of their life is a significant
proportion of the care provided by hospitals. On average people spend 9%
of their last six months of life in hospital, and 99,001 people (18% of
all people who died) spent 30 days or more in hospital during their last
6 months
Table 3 shows that being seen in hospital as an inpatient during
their last 6 months of life was more likely for people who died of
cancer or respiratory disease, compared to people who died of
cardiovascular disease or dementia
Figure 3: Variation in the time spent in hospital during the
last 6 months of life, England 2022
This graphic includes data for 371,594 people who were seen in
hospital as an inpatient at any time during their final 6 months. It
excludes 167,033 people who were never an inpatient during their last 6
months of life. Among those seen in hospital, nearly 15,300 were only
seen in admissions with no overnight stay (zero days).
Table 3: Time spent in hospital in the months before death
for people who died of 4 major conditions, England 2022
During 6 months before death
|
Measure
|
Cancer
|
Cardiovascular
|
Dementia
|
Other
|
Respiratory
|
All deaths
|
|
People with at least 1 hospital admission
|
113,326
|
81,044
|
33,804
|
97,283
|
46,137
|
371,594
|
|
People admitted as a percentage of all deaths
|
81%
|
62%
|
53%
|
67%
|
78%
|
69%
|
|
Total days in hospital (millions)
|
2.4
|
1.8
|
0.8
|
2.4
|
1.0
|
8.4
|
|
Range of time in hospital for people with at least 1
admission
|
|
Median
|
15
|
13
|
17
|
16
|
14
|
15
|
|
Range for middle 50% (interquartile range)
|
7 to 28
|
4 to 31
|
6 to 34
|
6 to 34
|
5 to 31
|
6 to 31
|
During 3 months before death
|
Measure
|
Cancer
|
Cardiovascular
|
Dementia
|
Other
|
Respiratory
|
All deaths
|
|
People with at least 1 hospital admission
|
103,123
|
74,015
|
29,235
|
91,187
|
43,617
|
341,177
|
|
People admitted as a percentage of all deaths
|
74%
|
56%
|
46%
|
63%
|
73%
|
63%
|
|
Total days in hospital (millions)
|
1.8
|
1.3
|
0.6
|
1.8
|
0.8
|
6.4
|
|
Range of time in hospital for people with at least 1
admission
|
|
Median
|
13
|
11
|
14
|
14
|
12
|
13
|
|
Range for middle 50% (interquartile range)
|
6 to 25
|
4 to 25
|
6 to 29
|
5 to 29
|
5 to 25
|
5 to 26
|
The 25th percentile is the value at which 25% of the data lie below
that value. The median is the value at which 50% of the data lie below
that value. The 75th percentile is the value at which 75% of the data
lie below that value. The interquartile range is between the 25th
percentile and the 75th percentile.
Emergency hospital admissions
In the 12 months October 2021 to September 2022
there were 5.9 million emergency hospital admissions, 15% of
which involved people in their last year of life
a total of 31.7 million days in hospital followed an emergency
admission, of these 32% involved people in their last year of
life
Table 4 shows that;
of all admissions, the percentage that involve people in the last
year of life is highest among the oldest age group (85 years and older
42%) and lowest in the youngest age group (under 75 years 8%)
of all days in hospital, the percentage that involve people in
the last year of life is highest among the oldest age group (85 years
and older 50% respectively), and lowest in the youngest age group (under
75 years 19%)
Table 4: Emergency admissions and time spent in hospital
following emergency admission by age, England for the 12 months October
2021 to September 2022
Number of admissions
|
|
Under 75 years
|
75 to 84 years
|
85 years or older
|
All ages
|
|
Number of admissions (millions)
|
4.2
|
1.0
|
0.7
|
5.9
|
|
Admissions involving people in the last year of life (millions)
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.9
|
|
Percentage of all admissions that involve people in the last year of
life
|
8%
|
28%
|
42%
|
15%
|
Days in hospital
|
|
Under 75 years
|
75 to 84 years
|
85 years or older
|
All ages
|
|
Total days in hospital (millions)
|
15.7
|
8.3
|
7.7
|
31.7
|
|
Days in hospital involving people in the last year of life (millions)
|
3.0
|
3.2
|
3.8
|
10.1
|
|
Percentage of all days in hospital that involve people in the last year
of life
|
19%
|
39%
|
50%
|
32%
|
Emergency hospital admissions in the final 3 months of life
During the final three months of life for people who died in 2022
a large majority of hospital admissions were emergency
admissions, 77% of a total of approximately 634,000 hospital
admissions
nearly two thirds of people (61%) had a least one emergency
admission
6% of people had three or more emergency admissions
Figure 4 and Table 5 show that of the 4 major conditions, people who
died of cancer or respiratory disease were more likely to have had an
emergency admission in the 3 months prior to their death than people who
died of cardiovascular disease or dementia.
Figure 4: Percentage of people who have emergency hospital
admissions during the final 3 months of life for people who died of 4
major conditions, England 2022
Table 5: Emergency hospital admissions during the final 3
months of life for people who died of 4 major conditions, England
2022
|
|
Cancer
|
Cardiovascular
|
Dementia
|
Respiratory
|
All deaths
|
|
Number of emergency hospital admissions
|
157,597
|
97,771
|
36,973
|
63,352
|
486,673
|
|
Proportion of people with at least 1 emergency hospital admission
|
70%
|
53%
|
43%
|
71%
|
61%
|
|
Proportion of people with 3 or more emergency hospital admissions
|
10%
|
4%
|
2%
|
7%
|
6%
|
Place of death
The condition(s) people live with as they approach the end of their
life can affect where they are cared for and where they ultimately die.
Table 6 presents data on where people died by the major condition they
died of. It includes both the number of deaths and percentage of deaths
that occur in each setting, it shows
hospital is the most common place of death (43.4% of all
deaths)
nearly half of people die in the community, either at home
(28.7%) or in a care home (20.5%)
relatively few people die in a hospice (4.7%) or other places
(2.6%) (for example public places or someone else’s home)
people who died of cancer were the most likely to die at home
(37.9% compared to 28.7% of all deaths) or in a hospice (14.6% compared
to 4.7%)
people who died of dementia were the most likely to die in a care
home (62.9% compared to 20.5%)
people who died of respiratory disease were most likely to die in
hospital (62.2% compared to 43.4%)
a large majority (80%) of the 25,349 people who died in hospice,
died of cancer
Place of death varies by specific underlying cause of death within
the major condition groups, Figure 5 shows for example,
within cardiovascular disease, 62.8% of people who died of stroke
occur in hospital, compared to 38.7% of people who died of coronary
heart disease. 46.8% of deaths from coronary heart disease occur at home
compared to 13.7% of people who died of stroke
within respiratory disease, 56.9% of deaths from COPD occur in
hospital, compared to 73.7% of deaths from pneumonia
Table 6: Place of death for people who died of 4 major
conditions, England 2022
Number of deaths
|
Place of death
|
Cancer
|
Cardiovascular
|
Dementia
|
Respiratory
|
All deaths
|
|
Care home
|
17,433
|
19,221
|
40,167
|
7,066
|
110,459
|
|
Home
|
52,880
|
46,269
|
9,715
|
13,898
|
154,693
|
|
Hospice
|
20,327
|
1,437
|
405
|
848
|
25,349
|
|
Hospital
|
46,211
|
60,194
|
12,962
|
37,016
|
233,928
|
|
Other places
|
2,771
|
4,157
|
634
|
647
|
14,198
|
Percentage of deaths
|
Place of death
|
Cancer
|
Cardiovascular
|
Dementia
|
Respiratory
|
All deaths
|
|
Care home
|
12.5%
|
14.6%
|
62.9%
|
11.9%
|
20.5%
|
|
Home
|
37.9%
|
35.2%
|
15.2%
|
23.4%
|
28.7%
|
|
Hospice
|
14.6%
|
1.1%
|
0.6%
|
1.4%
|
4.7%
|
|
Hospital
|
33.1%
|
45.9%
|
20.3%
|
62.2%
|
43.4%
|
|
Other places
|
2.0%
|
3.2%
|
1.0%
|
1.1%
|
2.6%
|
Figure 5: Place of death for people who died of 4 major
conditions, England 2022
By major condition
Cancer
Cardiovascular
Dementia
Respiratory
Local considerations and additional resources
Commissioners and service providers should review the data presented
in this factsheet alongside several other data and intelligence tools
and reports. They should also consider using locally produced data on
specialist palliative care and social care services. We have provided
information on the main supporting resources in this section.
Major conditions strategy
This government
report sets out the case for change and strategic framework for the
final strategy.
Additional data on the major conditions include the Office
for Health Improvement and Disparities profiles
and the recently published Premature
mortality in adults with severe mental illness (SMI)
Additional data on palliative and end of life care
can be found in our Palliative and
End of Life Care Profiles. The data on these profiles are grouped
into topics and includes: needs assessment, care homes and community,
hospital care, place of death, mortality, dementia, and underlying cause
of death. The data are shown for multiple geographies. You can also find
our two other factsheets on these profiles – Place of Death and Care
homes and end of life.
Information and resources for health and social care
professionals can be found on the National End of Life Care
Intelligence Network’s Palliative
and End of Life Care Resources and Publications page. This includes
a comprehensive catalogue of condition and setting specific data,
intelligence tools, policy and guidance.
Resources supporting this factsheet
Data used to produce this factsheet is available as a spreadsheet
The graphics and tables included in the factsheet are available as a
slidedeck
Enquiries
For any queries please email neolcin@dhsc.gov.uk
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Supporting information
Underlying and contributory causes of death
The selection of the underlying cause of death is based on
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) rules and is made from
the condition or conditions reported by the certifier, as recorded on
the death certificate. The underlying cause of death is defined by the
World Health Organistation as the disease or injury that initiated the
sequence of events directly leading to death or the circumstances of the
accident or violence that produced the fatal injury. More details can be
found in the Office for National Statistics User
guide to mortality statistics.
Data sources
|
|
|
Annual mortality extracts, Office for National Statistics (ONS) © Crown
copyright 2024, Re-used with permission of ONS. All rights reserved.
Further information available from ONS.
|
|
Linked HES - ONS Mortality extract, Office for National Statistics ©
Crown copyright 2024, NHS Digital © Copyright 2024, Re-used with
permission of NHS Digital. All rights reserved. Further information
available from NHS
Digital.
|
|
Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), NHS Digital © Copyright 2024, Re-used
with permission of NHS Digital. All rights reserved. Further information
available from NHS
Digital.
|
Methodology
|
Note
|
Title
|
Content
|
|
1
|
Cohort definition (all but the Emergency hospital admissions section)
|
The cohort was defined from mortality data. The only exception being the
ethnicity which came from a combination of the HES linked mortality data
and HES. Hospital activity was extracted for the identified deaths.
Deaths are included if
-
the death was registered in 2022
-
the recorded home address is in England.Neonatal deaths are excluded.
Deaths were excluded from the HES linked mortality data where the data
indicated the existence of hospital activity for the person after the
date of death.
|
|
2
|
Cohort definition for Emergency hospital admissions section
|
This section included all admissions for residents of England (LSOA11
starts “E”) with an admission date in the 12 months October 2021 to
September 2022 whether or not the individual died. Emergency admissions
were identitified as ADMIMETH starts “2”.
|
|
3
|
HES linked mortality data
|
The HES Linked mortality was deduplicated using the encrypted NHS
Number. The HES Linked mortality data only includes people linked to
hospital activity recorded in HES. Deaths with no recorded cause of
death were excluded. The difference between the reference ONS deaths and
the deduplicated HES Linked mortality data was assumed to be people with
no hospital activity.
|
|
4
|
Hospital Episode Statistics
|
Regular day and night attendances and maternity events were excluded.
Hospital admissions (“spells”) were counted after grouping the recorded
episodes. The episodes within a spell shared common values of person
identifier (TOKEN_PERSON_ID), admission date, provider code (PROCODE3),
and provider spell number (PROVSPNOPS). Spells with a discharge date
more than 1 day after date of death were excluded. The length of a spell
in days is the difference between the discharge date and the admission
date. Any spells that started and finished on the same day contribute
zero days to calculations of time in hospital.
|
|
5
|
Time spent in hospital in the final 6 and 3 months of life
|
This analysis took as a model the end of life care measure Quality
Outcome Measure 10: The percentage of last 6 months of life spent at
home or in a community setting published in Scotland.
For this part of the analysis only, in common with the Scottish measure,
deaths from falls and external causes (V00-V99, W20-W99, X00-X99,
Y00-Y84) were excluded. Only ordinary admissions were included; regular
day and night attendances and maternity events were excluded. When a
spell started earlier than 6 (or 3) months before death and finished
during the 6 months before death, only the days within the final 6 (or
3) months contributed to this analysis. 3 months was coded as 90 days, 6
months as 182 days.
|
|
6
|
Emergency hospital admissions in the final 3 months of life
|
Identified in the HES data as ADMIMETH starting “2”. 3 months was coded
as 90 days.
|
|
7
|
Cause of death
|
Categories were determined from the recorded ICD10 codes for underyling
cause of death and up to 15 contributory causes of death.
Broad
-
Cancer C00 – C99
-
Cardiovascular disease I00 – I99
-
Dementia F00, F01, F03, G30, G318, G310
-
Respiratory disease J00 – J99
Narrow
-
Bowel cancer: C18 to C20
-
Breast cancer: C50
-
Lung cancer: C33, C34
-
Prostate cancer: C61
-
Coronary heart disease: I20 to I25
-
Heart failure: I50
-
Stroke: I60 to I69
-
Pneumonia: J12 to J18
-
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: J40 to J44
|
|
8
|
Place of death
|
Place of death is recorded in the mortality data. For further
information on the methods used for all place of death indicators as
classified by ONS death certificate data, described in National
End of Life Care Intelligence Network publication: Classification of
Place of Death: A technical bulletin.
|
|
9
|
Ethnicity
|
Ethnicity is not recorded in mortality records. The ethnic group
reported was derived from patient data recorded in HES, associated with
a death record through the Linked HES_ONS mortality data. The
methodology is described in the Method
for assigning ethnic group in the COVID-19 Health Inequalities
Monitoring for England (CHIME) tool. In this analysis a
pseudonymised data view was used and no linkage was undertaken using
patient identifiable data. Deaths imputed to be missing from the Linked
HES_ONS mortality data were assigned “unknown” ethnicity.
|
|
10
|
Socio-economic deprivation
|
The category for each person was determined by the Index of Multiple
Deprivation (IMD) rank for the local area (Local Super Output Area LSOA)
that includes the person’s postcode. LSOA are grouped into 5 quintiles
of equal numbers of LSOAs, where quintile 1 includes areas with the
highest IMD score, and quintile 5 the lowest. Further details on IMD are
available from the Government
website.
|
Version history
|
Version
|
Date
|
Summary of changes
|
|
1
|
1 August 2023
|
-
First publication focussed on 2021
|
|
2
|
18 August 2023
|
-
Correction of broken URL to the factsheet data spreadsheet
-
Addition of a link to the Major Conditions interim report
|
|
3
|
6 February 2024
|
-
Refreshed with focus on 2022
-
Refine Time in hospital analysis to include “Ordinary admissions” only
(CLASSPAT=1)
-
Correction Emergency admission in last year of life analysis; people
under 1 year of age had been misclassified as 85 years or older
|
