Department of Health & Social Care
Wider determinants of health in the
This page presents information about trends in indicators related to wider determinants of health.
Table of contents
Economic inactivity
Persons, 16-64 years
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/12 | 25.7 | 25.0 | 26.4 | 23.6 |
| 2012/13 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 25.6 | 22.9 |
| 2013/14 | 24.5 | 23.8 | 25.2 | 22.6 |
| 2014/15 | 24.8 | 24.1 | 25.5 | 22.4 |
| 2015/16 | 25.2 | 24.5 | 25.9 | 22.0 |
| 2016/17 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 25.1 | 21.8 |
| 2017/18 | 23.4 | 22.7 | 24.1 | 21.4 |
| 2018/19 | 22.5 | 21.8 | 23.2 | 21.1 |
| 2019/20 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 22.9 | 20.6 |
| 2020/21 | 21.9 | 21.0 | 22.8 | 20.9 |
| 2021/22 | 22.5 | 21.6 | 23.4 | 21.2 |
| 2022/23 | 22.5 | 21.5 | 23.5 | 21.4 |
| 2023/24 | 21.9 | 20.8 | 23.0 | 21.2 |
Download data on economic inactivity in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View economic inactivity data.
View the economic inactivity definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Data is from the Annual Population Survey (data produced by Office for National Statistics), accessed via nomis (www.nomisweb.co.uk).
The line chart shows the percentage of people aged 16 to 64 who are economically inactive (neither in employment nor unemployed). The proportion in the West Midlands decreased from 25.7% in the financial year ending 2012 to 21.9% in the financial year ending 2024.
Employment
Persons, 16-64 years
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/12 | 67.4 | 66.7 | 68.1 | 70.2 |
| 2012/13 | 68.3 | 67.5 | 69.1 | 71.0 |
| 2013/14 | 69.2 | 68.4 | 70.0 | 71.7 |
| 2014/15 | 70.2 | 69.4 | 71.0 | 72.9 |
| 2015/16 | 70.4 | 69.6 | 71.2 | 73.9 |
| 2016/17 | 71.4 | 70.6 | 72.2 | 74.4 |
| 2017/18 | 72.7 | 71.9 | 73.5 | 75.2 |
| 2018/19 | 73.8 | 73.0 | 74.6 | 75.6 |
| 2019/20 | 73.9 | 73.1 | 74.7 | 76.2 |
| 2020/21 | 73.7 | 72.8 | 74.6 | 75.1 |
| 2021/22 | 73.7 | 72.8 | 74.6 | 75.4 |
| 2022/23 | 73.6 | 72.6 | 74.6 | 75.7 |
| 2023/24 | 75.0 | 73.9 | 76.1 | 75.7 |
Download data on employment in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View employment data.
View the employment definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Annual Population Survey - Labour Force Survey
The line chart shows the percentage of people aged 16 to 64 who are in employment. The proportion in the West Midlands increased from 67.4% in the financial year ending 2012 to 75.0% in the financial year ending 2024.
Children in absolute low income families
Persons, <16 years
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014/15 | 18.4 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 15.4 |
| 2015/16 | 19.3 | 19.2 | 19.4 | 15.2 |
| 2016/17 | 18.5 | 18.4 | 18.6 | 14.8 |
| 2017/18 | 18.9 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 15.1 |
| 2018/19 | 18.9 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 15.4 |
| 2019/20 | 21.2 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 16.1 |
| 2020/21 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 20.5 | 15.6 |
| 2021/22 | 21.5 | 21.4 | 21.6 | 15.3 |
| 2022/23 | 21.7 | 21.6 | 21.8 | 15.6 |
Download data on children in absolute low income families in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View children in absolute low income families data.
View the children in absolute low income families definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
The line chart shows the percentage of children aged under 16 who live in absolute low income (before housing costs compared to 2010 to 2011) families. The proportion in the West Midlands increased from 18.4% in the financial year ending 2015 to 21.7% in the financial year ending 2023.
Young people not in education, employment or training
Persons, 16-17 years
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016/17 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 6.0 |
| 2017/18 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.0 |
| 2018/19 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| 2019/20 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.5 |
| 2020/21 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 |
| 2021/22 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.7 |
| 2022/23 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
Download data on young people not in education, employment or training in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View young people not in education, employment or training data.
View the young people not in education, employment or training definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Department for Education
The line chart shows the percentage of people age 16 to 17 who are not in education, employment or training, or whose activity is not known. The proportion in the West Midlands decreased from 7.3% in the financial year ending 2017 to 5.2% in the financial year ending 2023.
First time entrants to the youth justice system
Persons, 10-17 years
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 484 | 466 | 503 | 558 |
| 2013 | 425 | 408 | 443 | 450 |
| 2014 | 396 | 380 | 413 | 415 |
| 2015 | 418 | 401 | 436 | 376 |
| 2016 | 401 | 385 | 419 | 334 |
| 2017 | 349 | 333 | 365 | 300 |
| 2018 | 288 | 274 | 302 | 244 |
| 2019 | 245 | 233 | 259 | 216 |
| 2020 | 176 | 166 | 188 | 173 |
| 2021 | 139 | 129 | 149 | 151 |
| 2022 | 121 | 112 | 130 | 152 |
| 2023 | 127 | 119 | 137 | 143 |
Download data on first time entrants to the youth justice system in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View first time entrants to the youth justice system data.
View the first time entrants to the youth justice system definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Figures calculated by Office for Health Improvement and Disparities’ Population Health Analysis team using crime data supplied by the Ministry of Justice and population data supplied by Office for National Statistics (ONS).
The line chart shows the rate of 10 to 17 years olds who receive their first reprimand, warning or conviction. The crude rate in the West Midlands decreased from 484 per 100,000 in 2012 to 127 per 100,000 in 2023.
Households owed a duty under the Homelessness Reduction Act
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019/20 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 12.3 |
| 2020/21 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.3 |
| 2021/22 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 11.7 |
| 2022/23 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 12.4 |
Download data on households owed a duty under the Homelessness Reduction Act in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View households owed a duty under the Homelessness Reduction Act data.
View the households owed a duty under the Homelessness Reduction Act definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID)
The line chart shows the rate of households who are owed a prevention or relief duty under the Homelessness Reduction Act. The crude rate in the West Midlands changed from 11.2 per 1,000 in the financial year ending 2020 to 11.4 per 1,000 in the financial year ending 2023.
Fuel poverty (low income, low energy efficiency)
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 17.5 | NA | NA | 13.4 |
| 2020 | 17.8 | NA | NA | 13.2 |
| 2021 | 18.5 | NA | NA | 13.1 |
| 2022 | 19.6 | NA | NA | 13.1 |
Download data on fuel poverty (low income, low energy efficiency) in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View fuel poverty (low income, low energy efficiency) data.
View the fuel poverty (low income, low energy efficiency) definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The line chart shows the percentage of households that experience fuel poverty (based on the low income, low energy efficiency methodology). The proportion in the West Midlands changed from 17.5% in 2019 to 19.6% in 2022.
People killed or seriously injured on roads
Persons, all ages
| Time period | West Midlands Value | 95% confidence interval lower limit | 95% confidence interval upper limit | England Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 67.2 | 64.8 | 70.5 | 93.3 |
| 2018 | 64.7 | 62.4 | 68.0 | 94.5 |
| 2019 | 62.1 | 59.8 | 65.3 | 89.9 |
| 2020 | 62.7 | 60.4 | 66.7 | 90.7 |
| 2021 | 66.6 | 64.2 | 70.3 | 93.0 |
| 2022 | 64.3 | 62.0 | 67.7 | 94.3 |
| 2023 | 68.9 | 66.5 | 72.3 | 91.9 |
Download data on people killed or seriously injured on roads in CSV format.
See more information about using CSV file format.
You can find more information about this indicator and related data on our Fingertips website. Fingertips is a data platform that contains a large range of indicators organised into topics, such as tobacco, mental health, and mortality.
View people killed or seriously injured on roads data.
View the people killed or seriously injured on roads definition.
Visit the wider determinants of health profile on Fingertips for more information on wider determinants of health.
Source: Department for Transport, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities calculates confidence intervals
The line chart shows the rate of people reported killed or seriously injured on the roads per 1 billion vehicle miles travelled. The crude rate in the West Midlands changed from 67.2 per billion vehicle miles in 2017 to 68.9 per billion vehicle miles in 2023.